diff --git a/cap-primitives/src/fs/mod.rs b/cap-primitives/src/fs/mod.rs
index 62ef8c9c..731d39b6 100644
--- a/cap-primitives/src/fs/mod.rs
+++ b/cap-primitives/src/fs/mod.rs
@@ -64,16 +64,16 @@ pub use canonicalize::canonicalize;
 pub use copy::copy;
 pub use create_dir::create_dir;
 pub use dir_builder::*;
-pub use dir_entry::DirEntry;
 #[cfg(windows)]
 pub use dir_entry::_WindowsDirEntryExt;
+pub use dir_entry::DirEntry;
 pub use dir_options::DirOptions;
 pub use file::FileExt;
+#[cfg(windows)]
+pub use file_type::_WindowsFileTypeExt;
 pub use file_type::FileType;
 #[cfg(any(unix, target_os = "vxworks", all(windows, windows_file_type_ext)))]
 pub use file_type::FileTypeExt;
-#[cfg(windows)]
-pub use file_type::_WindowsFileTypeExt;
 pub use follow_symlinks::FollowSymlinks;
 pub use hard_link::hard_link;
 pub use is_file_read_write::is_file_read_write;
@@ -94,6 +94,8 @@ pub use remove_dir_all::remove_dir_all;
 pub use remove_file::remove_file;
 pub use remove_open_dir::{remove_open_dir, remove_open_dir_all};
 pub use rename::rename;
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "linux", target_os = "redox"))]
+pub use rename::rename_exclusive;
 pub use reopen::reopen;
 #[cfg(not(target_os = "wasi"))]
 pub use set_permissions::{set_permissions, set_symlink_permissions};
diff --git a/cap-primitives/src/fs/rename.rs b/cap-primitives/src/fs/rename.rs
index 2af4ef95..ececbab1 100644
--- a/cap-primitives/src/fs/rename.rs
+++ b/cap-primitives/src/fs/rename.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 #[cfg(all(racy_asserts, not(windows)))]
 use crate::fs::append_dir_suffix;
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "linux", target_os = "redox"))]
+use crate::fs::rename_excl_impl;
 use crate::fs::rename_impl;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::{fs, io};
@@ -14,6 +16,12 @@ use {
     std::path::PathBuf,
 };
 
+#[cfg(all(
+    racy_asserts,
+    any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "linux", target_os = "redox")
+))]
+use crate::fs::rename_excl_unchecked;
+
 /// Perform a `renameat`-like operation, ensuring that the resolution of both
 /// the old and new paths never escape the directory tree rooted at their
 /// respective starts.
@@ -51,6 +59,54 @@ pub fn rename(
         &result,
         &old_metadata_after,
         &new_metadata_after,
+        rename_unchecked,
+    );
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Perform a `renameat`-like operation, ensuring that the resolution of both
+/// the old and new paths never escape the directory tree rooted at their
+/// respective starts.
+///
+/// Unlike [`rename`], the rename fails if the target exists. The check is atomic on supported
+/// platform which mitigates potential races (TOCTOU).
+#[cfg_attr(not(racy_asserts), allow(clippy::let_and_return))]
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "linux", target_os = "redox"))]
+#[inline]
+pub fn rename_exclusive(
+    old_start: &fs::File,
+    old_path: &Path,
+    new_start: &fs::File,
+    new_path: &Path,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    #[cfg(racy_asserts)]
+    let (old_metadata_before, new_metadata_before) = (
+        stat_unchecked(old_start, old_path, FollowSymlinks::No),
+        stat_unchecked(new_start, new_path, FollowSymlinks::No),
+    );
+
+    // Call the underlying implementation.
+    let result = rename_excl_impl(old_start, old_path, new_start, new_path);
+
+    #[cfg(racy_asserts)]
+    let (old_metadata_after, new_metadata_after) = (
+        stat_unchecked(old_start, old_path, FollowSymlinks::No),
+        stat_unchecked(new_start, new_path, FollowSymlinks::No),
+    );
+
+    #[cfg(racy_asserts)]
+    check_rename(
+        old_start,
+        old_path,
+        new_start,
+        new_path,
+        &old_metadata_before,
+        &new_metadata_before,
+        &result,
+        &old_metadata_after,
+        &new_metadata_after,
+        rename_excl_unchecked,
     );
 
     result
@@ -69,6 +125,7 @@ fn check_rename(
     result: &io::Result<()>,
     old_metadata_after: &io::Result<Metadata>,
     new_metadata_after: &io::Result<Metadata>,
+    rename_impl: impl Fn(&fs::File, &Path, &fs::File, &Path) -> io::Result<()>,
 ) {
     use io::ErrorKind::*;
 
@@ -97,20 +154,20 @@ fn check_rename(
             map_result(&canonicalize_for_rename(old_start, old_path)),
             map_result(&canonicalize_for_rename(new_start, new_path)),
         ) {
-            (Ok(old_canon), Ok(new_canon)) => match map_result(&rename_unchecked(
-                old_start, &old_canon, new_start, &new_canon,
-            )) {
-                Err((_unchecked_kind, _unchecked_message)) => {
-                    /* TODO: Check error messages.
-                    assert_eq!(kind, unchecked_kind);
-                    assert_eq!(message, unchecked_message);
-                    */
+            (Ok(old_canon), Ok(new_canon)) => {
+                match map_result(&rename_impl(old_start, &old_canon, new_start, &new_canon)) {
+                    Err((_unchecked_kind, _unchecked_message)) => {
+                        /* TODO: Check error messages.
+                        assert_eq!(kind, unchecked_kind);
+                        assert_eq!(message, unchecked_message);
+                        */
+                    }
+                    other => panic!(
+                        "unsandboxed rename success:\n{:#?}\n{:?} {:?}",
+                        other, kind, message
+                    ),
                 }
-                other => panic!(
-                    "unsandboxed rename success:\n{:#?}\n{:?} {:?}",
-                    other, kind, message
-                ),
-            },
+            }
             (Err((_old_canon_kind, _old_canon_message)), _) => {
                 /* TODO: Check error messages.
                 assert_eq!(kind, old_canon_kind);
diff --git a/cap-primitives/src/fs/via_parent/mod.rs b/cap-primitives/src/fs/via_parent/mod.rs
index 84884cdc..83b3ad88 100644
--- a/cap-primitives/src/fs/via_parent/mod.rs
+++ b/cap-primitives/src/fs/via_parent/mod.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ pub(crate) use read_link::read_link;
 pub(crate) use remove_dir::remove_dir;
 pub(crate) use remove_file::remove_file;
 pub(crate) use rename::rename;
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "linux", target_os = "redox"))]
+pub(crate) use rename::rename_exclusive;
 #[cfg(windows)]
 pub(crate) use set_permissions::set_permissions;
 #[cfg(not(target_os = "wasi"))]
diff --git a/cap-primitives/src/fs/via_parent/rename.rs b/cap-primitives/src/fs/via_parent/rename.rs
index aeb345e5..ccfca649 100644
--- a/cap-primitives/src/fs/via_parent/rename.rs
+++ b/cap-primitives/src/fs/via_parent/rename.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use super::open_parent;
 #[cfg(unix)]
 use crate::fs::{append_dir_suffix, path_has_trailing_slash};
-use crate::fs::{rename_unchecked, strip_dir_suffix, MaybeOwnedFile};
+use crate::fs::{rename_excl_unchecked, rename_unchecked, strip_dir_suffix, MaybeOwnedFile};
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::{fs, io};
 
@@ -12,6 +12,34 @@ pub(crate) fn rename(
     old_path: &Path,
     new_start: &fs::File,
     new_path: &Path,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    do_rename(old_start, old_path, new_start, new_path, rename_unchecked)
+}
+
+/// Implement `rename_exclusive` by `open`ing up the parent component of the path and then
+/// calling `rename_excl_unchecked` on the last component.
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "linux", target_os = "redox"))]
+pub(crate) fn rename_exclusive(
+    old_start: &fs::File,
+    old_path: &Path,
+    new_start: &fs::File,
+    new_path: &Path,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    do_rename(
+        old_start,
+        old_path,
+        new_start,
+        new_path,
+        rename_excl_unchecked,
+    )
+}
+
+fn do_rename(
+    old_start: &fs::File,
+    old_path: &Path,
+    new_start: &fs::File,
+    new_path: &Path,
+    rename_impl: impl Fn(&fs::File, &Path, &fs::File, &Path) -> io::Result<()>,
 ) -> io::Result<()> {
     let old_start = MaybeOwnedFile::borrowed(old_start);
     let new_start = MaybeOwnedFile::borrowed(new_start);
@@ -41,7 +69,7 @@ pub(crate) fn rename(
         old_basename
     };
 
-    rename_unchecked(
+    rename_impl(
         &old_dir,
         old_basename.as_ref(),
         &new_dir,
diff --git a/cap-primitives/src/rustix/fs/mod.rs b/cap-primitives/src/rustix/fs/mod.rs
index b6a0def2..c2fca4bf 100644
--- a/cap-primitives/src/rustix/fs/mod.rs
+++ b/cap-primitives/src/rustix/fs/mod.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ mod remove_dir_all_impl;
 mod remove_dir_unchecked;
 mod remove_file_unchecked;
 mod remove_open_dir_by_searching;
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "linux", target_os = "redox"))]
+mod rename_excl_unchecked;
 mod rename_unchecked;
 mod reopen_impl;
 #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux", target_os = "wasi")))]
@@ -106,6 +108,8 @@ pub(crate) use crate::fs::{
     via_parent::symlink as symlink_impl,
     remove_open_dir_by_searching as remove_open_dir_impl,
 };
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "linux", target_os = "redox"))]
+pub(crate) use crate::fs::via_parent::rename_exclusive as rename_excl_impl;
 #[cfg(not(target_os = "wasi"))]
 pub(crate) use crate::fs::via_parent::set_symlink_permissions as set_symlink_permissions_impl;
 #[cfg(not(target_os = "freebsd"))]
@@ -138,6 +142,8 @@ pub(crate) use remove_dir_all_impl::{remove_dir_all_impl, remove_open_dir_all_im
 pub(crate) use remove_dir_unchecked::remove_dir_unchecked;
 pub(crate) use remove_file_unchecked::remove_file_unchecked;
 pub(crate) use remove_open_dir_by_searching::remove_open_dir_by_searching;
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "linux", target_os = "redox"))]
+pub(crate) use rename_excl_unchecked::rename_excl_unchecked;
 pub(crate) use rename_unchecked::rename_unchecked;
 pub(crate) use reopen_impl::reopen_impl;
 pub(crate) use stat_unchecked::stat_unchecked;
diff --git a/cap-primitives/src/rustix/fs/rename_excl_unchecked.rs b/cap-primitives/src/rustix/fs/rename_excl_unchecked.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ed7412bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cap-primitives/src/rustix/fs/rename_excl_unchecked.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+use rustix::fs::{renameat_with, RenameFlags};
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::{fs, io};
+
+pub(crate) fn rename_excl_unchecked(
+    old_start: &fs::File,
+    old_path: &Path,
+    new_start: &fs::File,
+    new_path: &Path,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    renameat_with(
+        old_start,
+        old_path,
+        new_start,
+        new_path,
+        RenameFlags::NOREPLACE,
+    )
+    .map_err(Into::into)
+}
diff --git a/cap-primitives/src/windows/fs/mod.rs b/cap-primitives/src/windows/fs/mod.rs
index 0de735ad..58d9e2e7 100644
--- a/cap-primitives/src/windows/fs/mod.rs
+++ b/cap-primitives/src/windows/fs/mod.rs
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ mod remove_dir_all_impl;
 mod remove_dir_unchecked;
 mod remove_file_unchecked;
 mod remove_open_dir_impl;
+mod rename_excl_unchecked;
 mod rename_unchecked;
 mod reopen_impl;
 mod set_permissions_unchecked;
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ pub(crate) use remove_dir_all_impl::*;
 pub(crate) use remove_dir_unchecked::*;
 pub(crate) use remove_file_unchecked::*;
 pub(crate) use remove_open_dir_impl::*;
+pub(crate) use rename_excl_unchecked::*;
 pub(crate) use rename_unchecked::*;
 pub(crate) use reopen_impl::reopen_impl;
 pub(crate) use set_permissions_unchecked::*;
diff --git a/cap-primitives/src/windows/fs/rename_excl_unchecked.rs b/cap-primitives/src/windows/fs/rename_excl_unchecked.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cc5d1cc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cap-primitives/src/windows/fs/rename_excl_unchecked.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+use super::get_path::concatenate;
+use std::{fs, io, iter, path::Path, ptr};
+use windows_sys::Win32::{
+    Foundation::{LocalFree, FALSE},
+    Security::{
+        Authorization::{GetNamedSecurityInfoW, SetNamedSecurityInfoW, SE_FILE_OBJECT},
+        ACL, DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION, GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION, OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION,
+        PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, PSID,
+    },
+    Storage::FileSystem::{MoveFileExW, MOVEFILE_COPY_ALLOWED},
+};
+
+pub(crate) fn rename_excl_unchecked(
+    old_start: &fs::File,
+    old_path: &Path,
+    new_start: &fs::File,
+    new_path: &Path,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    let old_full_path: Vec<u16> = concatenate(old_start, old_path)?
+        .into_iter()
+        .chain(iter::once(0u16))
+        .collect();
+    let new_full_path: Vec<u16> = concatenate(new_start, new_path)?
+        .into_iter()
+        .chain(iter::once(0u16))
+        .collect();
+
+    // Save permissions in case file will be moved across volumes
+    // https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/aclapi/nf-aclapi-getnamedsecurityinfoa
+    // https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/secauthz/security-information
+    let mut owner: PSID = ptr::null_mut();
+    let mut group: PSID = ptr::null_mut();
+    let mut dacl: ACL = ptr::null_mut();
+    // According to the docs, the pointers above are pointers into the PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR
+    // struct, so `security` should only be freed after using `owner`, `group`, and `dacl`
+    let mut security: PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR = ptr::null_mut();
+
+    let move_result = unsafe {
+        // SAFETY: `old_full_path` is a valid pointer to a NUL terminated wide string
+        GetNamedSecurityInfoW(
+            old_full_path.as_ptr(),
+            SE_FILE_OBJECT,
+            OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION | GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION | DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION,
+            &mut owner,
+            &mut group,
+            &mut dacl,
+            ptr::null_mut(),
+            &mut security,
+        )
+    };
+
+    // Set/GetNamedSecurityInfoW return the error code directly rather than a bool
+    if move_result != 0 {
+        return Err(io::Error::from_raw_os_error(move_result));
+    }
+
+    unsafe {
+        // SAFETY:
+        // * `concatenate` calls `get_path` which calls `encode_wide` so we have a wide string
+        // * Both paths are NUL terminated above
+        if MoveFileExW(
+            old_full_path.as_ptr(),
+            new_full_path.as_ptr(),
+            MOVEFILE_COPY_ALLOWED,
+        ) == FALSE
+        {
+            LocalFree(security);
+            return Err(io::Error::last_os_error());
+        }
+    }
+
+    let set_result = unsafe {
+        SetNamedSecurityInfoW(
+            new_full_path.as_ptr(),
+            SE_FILE_OBJECT,
+            OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION | GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION | DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION,
+            owner,
+            group,
+            dacl,
+            ptr::null_mut(),
+        )
+    };
+
+    unsafe {
+        LocalFree(security);
+    }
+
+    if set_result != 0 {
+        Err(io::Error::from_raw_os_error(set_result))
+    } else {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/cap-std/src/fs/dir.rs b/cap-std/src/fs/dir.rs
index 71619eee..3646071d 100644
--- a/cap-std/src/fs/dir.rs
+++ b/cap-std/src/fs/dir.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ use crate::fs::{DirBuilder, File, Metadata, OpenOptions, ReadDir};
 use crate::fs_utf8::Dir as DirUtf8;
 #[cfg(unix)]
 use crate::os::unix::net::{UnixDatagram, UnixListener, UnixStream};
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "linux", target_os = "redox"))]
+use cap_primitives::fs::rename_exclusive;
 #[cfg(not(target_os = "wasi"))]
 use cap_primitives::fs::set_permissions;
 use cap_primitives::fs::{
@@ -397,6 +399,18 @@ impl Dir {
         rename(&self.std_file, from.as_ref(), &to_dir.std_file, to.as_ref())
     }
 
+    /// Rename a file or a directory to a new name but only if the target does not exist.
+    #[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "linux", target_os = "redox"))]
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn rename_exclusive<P: AsRef<Path>, Q: AsRef<Path>>(
+        &self,
+        from: P,
+        to_dir: &Self,
+        to: Q,
+    ) -> io::Result<()> {
+        rename_exclusive(&self.std_file, from.as_ref(), &to_dir.std_file, to.as_ref())
+    }
+
     /// Changes the permissions found on a file or a directory.
     ///
     /// This corresponds to [`std::fs::set_permissions`], but only accesses
diff --git a/tests/rename.rs b/tests/rename.rs
index 7b487fa8..62cd7fc0 100644
--- a/tests/rename.rs
+++ b/tests/rename.rs
@@ -176,3 +176,50 @@ fn rename_basics() {
     assert!(!tmpdir.exists("file.txt"));
     assert!(tmpdir.exists("existing.txt"));
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn rename_exclusive_basics() {
+    let tmpdir = tmpdir();
+
+    let dir1 = "foo";
+    tmpdir.create_dir_all(dir1).unwrap();
+    let dir2 = "bar";
+    tmpdir.create_dir_all(dir2).unwrap();
+
+    // Empty directory to empty directory
+    tmpdir.rename_exclusive(dir1, &tmpdir, dir2).unwrap_err();
+
+    // File to directory
+    let file1 = "foo/baz";
+    tmpdir.create(file1).unwrap();
+    tmpdir.rename_exclusive(file1, &tmpdir, dir2).unwrap_err();
+
+    // Directory to file
+    tmpdir.rename_exclusive(dir2, &tmpdir, file1).unwrap_err();
+
+    // File to file
+    let file2 = "bar/mane";
+    tmpdir.create(file2).unwrap();
+    tmpdir.rename_exclusive(file1, &tmpdir, file2).unwrap_err();
+
+    assert!(tmpdir.exists(dir1));
+    assert!(tmpdir.exists(dir2));
+    assert!(tmpdir.exists(file1));
+    assert!(tmpdir.exists(file2));
+
+    // Now let's test successful renames!
+    let dir3 = "bar/quux";
+    let file3 = "bar/quux/baz";
+    tmpdir.create_dir_all(dir3).unwrap();
+
+    // File to file
+    tmpdir.rename_exclusive(file1, &tmpdir, file3).unwrap();
+
+    // Directory to directory
+    let dir4 = "foo/bar";
+    tmpdir.rename_exclusive(dir2, &tmpdir, dir4).unwrap();
+    assert!(tmpdir.exists(dir1));
+    assert!(!tmpdir.exists(dir2));
+    assert!(tmpdir.exists(dir4));
+    assert!(tmpdir.exists("foo/bar/quux/baz"));
+}