diff --git a/__tests__/discovery.test.ts b/__tests__/discovery.test.ts
index e4a89a9..3a0241c 100644
--- a/__tests__/discovery.test.ts
+++ b/__tests__/discovery.test.ts
@@ -12,11 +12,16 @@ const catalogResponse = {
     description: 'Search Reddit',
     provider: 'AnyAPI',
     pricing: {
-      from: { model: 'linear', unit: 'result', baseUsd: 0.00005, perUnitUsd: 0.0001, maxUsd: 0.004 },
+      from: {
+        model: 'linear', unit: 'result', baseUsd: 0.00005, perUnitUsd: 0.0001, maxUsd: 0.004, maxPer1kUsd: 4,
+      },
       failoverMaxUsd: 0.005,
+      failoverMaxPer1kUsd: 5,
     },
     lanes: [{
-      pricing: { model: 'linear', unit: 'result', baseUsd: 0.00005, perUnitUsd: 0.0001, maxUsd: 0.004 },
+      pricing: {
+        model: 'linear', unit: 'result', baseUsd: 0.00005, perUnitUsd: 0.0001, maxUsd: 0.004, maxPer1kUsd: 4,
+      },
       health: { window: '30d', uptimePct: 99.5, latencyP50Ms: 240, requests: 80 },
     }],
     tryEligible: true,
@@ -35,11 +40,71 @@ describe('customer-safe discovery reader', () => {
     expect(Object.fromEntries(url.searchParams)).toEqual({ category: 'social' });
     expect(response).toEqual(catalogResponse);
     expect(formatCatalogPrice(response.apis[0]!)).toBe(
-      'from USD 0.00005 + USD 0.0001/result (max USD 0.0040/request)',
+      'up to USD 4.00/1k req (USD 0.00005 + USD 0.0001/result)',
     );
     expectCustomerSafe(response);
   });
 
+  it('quotes the published per-1k rate instead of scaling the per-request price', async () => {
+    // booking.search in the live catalog: 0.0966 * 1000 is 96.60000000000001,
+    // so the displayed rate is only exact when the published field is read.
+    const client = clientFor({
+      apis: [{
+        ...catalogResponse.apis[0],
+        pricing: {
+          from: { model: 'flat', unit: 'request', maxUsd: 0.0966, maxPer1kUsd: 96.6 },
+          failoverMaxUsd: 0.0966,
+          failoverMaxPer1kUsd: 96.6,
+        },
+        lanes: undefined,
+      }],
+    });
+
+    const api = (await client.catalog()).apis[0]!;
+
+    expect(api.pricing.from.maxPer1kUsd).toBe(96.6);
+    expect(api.pricing.from.maxPer1kUsd).not.toBe(0.0966 * 1000);
+    expect(api.pricing.failoverMaxPer1kUsd).toBe(96.6);
+    expect(formatCatalogPrice(api)).toBe('from USD 96.60/1k req');
+  });
+
+  // A rate for a thousand requests is always a whole number of cents, because
+  // one credit is $0.00001 and lane prices are whole credits. The shared
+  // sub-dollar formatter pads to four decimals for real per-request charges,
+  // which would print 39 of the live catalog's rates as `USD 0.9000/1k req`.
+  it('prints a sub-dollar rate in cents rather than padded millionths', async () => {
+    const client = clientFor({
+      apis: [{
+        ...catalogResponse.apis[0],
+        pricing: {
+          from: { model: 'flat', unit: 'request', maxUsd: 0.0009, maxPer1kUsd: 0.9 },
+          failoverMaxUsd: 0.0009,
+          failoverMaxPer1kUsd: 0.9,
+        },
+        lanes: undefined,
+      }],
+    });
+
+    const api = (await client.catalog()).apis[0]!;
+
+    expect(formatCatalogPrice(api)).toBe('from USD 0.90/1k req');
+  });
+
+  it('rejects offers published without the per-1k rate', async () => {
+    const client = clientFor({
+      apis: [{
+        ...catalogResponse.apis[0],
+        pricing: {
+          from: { model: 'flat', unit: 'request', maxUsd: 0.0966 },
+          failoverMaxUsd: 0.0966,
+          failoverMaxPer1kUsd: 96.6,
+        },
+      }],
+    });
+
+    await expect(client.catalog()).rejects.toThrow('Invalid AnyAPI API discovery response.');
+  });
+
   it('accepts discovery from older gateways without optional routing booleans', async () => {
     const api = { ...catalogResponse.apis[0] };
     delete (api as Partial<typeof api>).failover;
@@ -59,8 +124,9 @@ describe('customer-safe discovery reader', () => {
         category: 'shopping',
         provider: 'AnyAPI',
         pricing: {
-          from: { model: 'flat', unit: 'request', maxUsd: 0.005 },
+          from: { model: 'flat', unit: 'request', maxUsd: 0.005, maxPer1kUsd: 5 },
           failoverMaxUsd: 0.006,
+          failoverMaxPer1kUsd: 6,
         },
         relevance: 0.92,
         highlightFields: [{ path: 'items[].price', type: 'number' }],
@@ -88,7 +154,7 @@ describe('customer-safe discovery reader', () => {
       results: [{
         slug: 'amazon.product',
         provider: 'AnyAPI',
-        pricing: { from: { model: 'flat', unit: 'request', maxUsd: 0.005 } },
+        pricing: { from: { model: 'flat', unit: 'request', maxUsd: 0.005, maxPer1kUsd: 5 } },
         relevance: 0.92,
       }],
     });
@@ -136,9 +202,11 @@ describe('customer-safe discovery reader', () => {
             baseUsd: 0.2,
             perUnitUsd: 0.3,
             maxUsd: 0.4,
+            maxPer1kUsd: 400,
             futureOfferField: 'ignored',
           },
           failoverMaxUsd: 0.1,
+          failoverMaxPer1kUsd: 100,
           futurePricingField: 'ignored',
         },
         lanes: [{
@@ -147,6 +215,7 @@ describe('customer-safe discovery reader', () => {
             model: 'flat',
             unit: 'request',
             maxUsd: 0.9,
+            maxPer1kUsd: 900,
             futureOfferField: 'ignored',
           },
           health: {
@@ -175,11 +244,13 @@ describe('customer-safe discovery reader', () => {
             baseUsd: 0.2,
             perUnitUsd: 0.3,
             maxUsd: 0.4,
+            maxPer1kUsd: 400,
           },
           failoverMaxUsd: 0.1,
+          failoverMaxPer1kUsd: 100,
         },
         lanes: [{
-          pricing: { model: 'flat', unit: 'request', maxUsd: 0.9 },
+          pricing: { model: 'flat', unit: 'request', maxUsd: 0.9, maxPer1kUsd: 900 },
           health: {
             window: '7d',
             uptimePct: 42,
@@ -201,8 +272,9 @@ describe('customer-safe discovery reader', () => {
         category: 'shopping',
         provider: 'AnyAPI',
         pricing: {
-          from: { model: 'flat', unit: 'request', maxUsd: 0.005 },
+          from: { model: 'flat', unit: 'request', maxUsd: 0.005, maxPer1kUsd: 5 },
           failoverMaxUsd: 0.006,
+          failoverMaxPer1kUsd: 6,
         },
         relevance: 0.92,
         highlightFields: [{
@@ -268,8 +340,9 @@ describe('customer-safe discovery reader', () => {
       apis: [{
         ...catalogResponse.apis[0],
         pricing: {
-          from: { model: 'flat', unit: 'request', maxUsd },
+          from: { model: 'flat', unit: 'request', maxUsd, maxPer1kUsd: 10 },
           failoverMaxUsd: 0.01,
+          failoverMaxPer1kUsd: 10,
         },
       },
       ],
diff --git a/src/discovery.ts b/src/discovery.ts
index ee4ecd3..d068973 100644
--- a/src/discovery.ts
+++ b/src/discovery.ts
@@ -96,24 +96,33 @@ function readPricing(value: unknown): DiscoveryPricing | undefined {
   const record = asRecord(value);
   const from = readOffer(record?.from);
   const failoverMaxUsd = usdNumber(record?.failoverMaxUsd);
-  if (!from || failoverMaxUsd === undefined) {
+  const failoverMaxPer1kUsd = usdNumber(record?.failoverMaxPer1kUsd);
+  if (!from || failoverMaxUsd === undefined || failoverMaxPer1kUsd === undefined) {
     return undefined;
   }
-  return { from, failoverMaxUsd };
+  return { from, failoverMaxUsd, failoverMaxPer1kUsd };
 }
 
+// Every static price arrives in both denominations: maxUsd for one request and
+// maxPer1kUsd for 1,000 of them. Both are read from the wire and neither is
+// derived here, because scaling dollars in binary floating point turns the
+// published 96.6 into 96.60000000000001 on 20 of the live catalog's prices.
 function readOffer(value: unknown): PricingOffer | undefined {
   const record = asRecord(value);
   const model = stringValue(record?.model);
   const unit = stringValue(record?.unit);
   const maxUsd = usdNumber(record?.maxUsd);
-  if (model === 'flat' && unit === 'request' && maxUsd !== undefined) {
-    return { model, unit, maxUsd };
+  const maxPer1kUsd = usdNumber(record?.maxPer1kUsd);
+  if (maxUsd === undefined || maxPer1kUsd === undefined) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  if (model === 'flat' && unit === 'request') {
+    return { model, unit, maxUsd, maxPer1kUsd };
   }
   const baseUsd = usdNumber(record?.baseUsd);
   const perUnitUsd = usdNumber(record?.perUnitUsd);
-  if (model === 'linear' && unit && baseUsd !== undefined && perUnitUsd !== undefined && maxUsd !== undefined) {
-    return { model, unit, baseUsd, perUnitUsd, maxUsd };
+  if (model === 'linear' && unit && baseUsd !== undefined && perUnitUsd !== undefined) {
+    return { model, unit, baseUsd, perUnitUsd, maxUsd, maxPer1kUsd };
   }
   return undefined;
 }
diff --git a/src/format.ts b/src/format.ts
index cda0247..f213c0a 100644
--- a/src/format.ts
+++ b/src/format.ts
@@ -7,15 +7,36 @@ export function formatUsd(value: unknown): string {
   return `USD ${formatUsdNumber(value)}`;
 }
 
+/** Catalog prices are quoted at this shared rate; a run is still billed per request. */
+const REQUEST_RATE_LABEL = '/1k req';
+
+/**
+ * A per-1,000-request rate in USD.
+ *
+ * Two decimals is exact here, not a rounding: one internal credit is $0.00001
+ * and lane prices are whole credits, so a rate for a thousand requests is always
+ * a whole number of cents. `formatUsd` pads sub-dollar amounts to four decimals
+ * because a per-request charge really is that small, which would print the
+ * cheapest 39 of the catalog's rates as `USD 0.9000/1k req`.
+ */
+function formatRateUsd(value: number): string {
+  return `USD ${value.toFixed(2)}`;
+}
+
 export function formatCatalogPrice(api: CatalogApi): string {
   return formatPricingOffer(api.pricing.from);
 }
 
+// Catalog prices are quoted per 1,000 requests because most of the catalog costs
+// a fraction of a cent per call. The rate is the gateway's published
+// maxPer1kUsd, never maxUsd scaled here. A metered offer keeps its per-item rate
+// per item, which is what the customer's `limit` actually moves.
 export function formatPricingOffer(offer: PricingOffer): string {
+  const rate = `${formatRateUsd(offer.maxPer1kUsd)}${REQUEST_RATE_LABEL}`;
   if (offer.model === 'flat') {
-    return `from ${formatUsd(offer.maxUsd)}/request`;
+    return `from ${rate}`;
   }
-  return `from ${formatUsd(offer.baseUsd)} + ${formatUsd(offer.perUnitUsd)}/${offer.unit} (max ${formatUsd(offer.maxUsd)}/request)`;
+  return `up to ${rate} (${formatUsd(offer.baseUsd)} + ${formatUsd(offer.perUnitUsd)}/${offer.unit})`;
 }
 
 export function printTable(rows: string[][]): string {
diff --git a/src/types.ts b/src/types.ts
index 8212b04..fb106ab 100644
--- a/src/types.ts
+++ b/src/types.ts
@@ -74,7 +74,10 @@ export interface TokenResponse {
 export interface FlatPricingOffer {
   model: 'flat';
   unit: 'request';
+  /** USD billed for one request */
   maxUsd: number;
+  /** the same maximum per 1,000 requests, published by the gateway */
+  maxPer1kUsd: number;
 }
 
 export interface LinearPricingOffer {
@@ -82,7 +85,10 @@ export interface LinearPricingOffer {
   unit: string;
   baseUsd: number;
   perUnitUsd: number;
+  /** USD ceiling for one request */
   maxUsd: number;
+  /** the same ceiling per 1,000 requests, published by the gateway */
+  maxPer1kUsd: number;
 }
 
 export type PricingOffer = FlatPricingOffer | LinearPricingOffer;
@@ -90,6 +96,7 @@ export type PricingOffer = FlatPricingOffer | LinearPricingOffer;
 export interface DiscoveryPricing {
   from: PricingOffer;
   failoverMaxUsd: number;
+  failoverMaxPer1kUsd: number;
 }
 
 export interface DiscoveryLane {