MySQL是最流行的关系型数据库管理系统，由瑞典MySQL AB公司开发，目前属于Oracle公司。 MySQL所使用的SQL语言是用于访问数据库的最常用标准化语言。MySQL由于其体积小、速度快、总体拥有成本低，尤其是开放源码这一特点，一般中小型网站的开发都选择MySQL作为网站数据库。 ## MySQL安装 ``` # 安装编译工具及库文件 yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make autoconf libtool-ltdl-devel gd-devel freetype-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel curl-devel bison patch unzip libmcrypt-devel libmhash-devel ncurses-devel sudo bzip2 flex libaio-devel # 安装cmake 编译器 wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v3.1/cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz # 解压安装包 tar zxvf cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz # 进入安装包目录 cd cmake-3.1.1 # 编译安装 ./bootstrap make && make install # 下载MySQL wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz # 解压安装包 tar zxvf mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz # 进入安装包目录 cd mysql-5.6.15 # 编译安装 cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_INNODB_MEMCACHED=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=OFF -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DENABLED_PROFILING=ON -DMYSQL_MAINTAINER_MODE=OFF -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 make && make install # 查看mysql版本 /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql --version ``` ## MySQL配置 ``` # 创建mysql运行使用的用户mysql /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql # 创建binlog和库的存储路径并赋予mysql用户权限 mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog /www/data_mysql chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog/ /www/data_mysql/ # 创建my.cnf配置文件 cat /etc/my.cnf [client] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld] replicate-ignore-db = mysql replicate-ignore-db = test replicate-ignore-db = information_schema user = mysql port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql datadir = /www/data_mysql log-error = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql_error.log pid-file = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.pid open_files_limit = 65535 back_log = 600 max_connections = 5000 max_connect_errors = 1000 table_open_cache = 1024 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet = 32M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 600 #thread_concurrency = 8 query_cache_size = 128M query_cache_limit = 2M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k default-storage-engine = MyISAM default-tmp-storage-engine=MYISAM thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 128M max_heap_table_size = 128M log-slave-updates log-bin = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog/binlog binlog-do-db=oa_fb binlog-ignore-db=mysql binlog_cache_size = 4M binlog_format = MIXED max_binlog_cache_size = 8M max_binlog_size = 1G relay-log-index = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog relay-log-info-file = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog relay-log = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog expire_logs_days = 10 key_buffer_size = 256M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover interactive_timeout = 120 wait_timeout = 120 skip-name-resolve #master-connect-retry = 10 slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396 #master-host = 192.168.1.2 #master-user = username #master-password = password #master-port = 3306 server-id = 1 loose-innodb-trx=0 loose-innodb-locks=0 loose-innodb-lock-waits=0 loose-innodb-cmp=0 loose-innodb-cmp-per-index=0 loose-innodb-cmp-per-index-reset=0 loose-innodb-cmp-reset=0 loose-innodb-cmpmem=0 loose-innodb-cmpmem-reset=0 loose-innodb-buffer-page=0 loose-innodb-buffer-page-lru=0 loose-innodb-buffer-pool-stats=0 loose-innodb-metrics=0 loose-innodb-ft-default-stopword=0 loose-innodb-ft-inserted=0 loose-innodb-ft-deleted=0 loose-innodb-ft-being-deleted=0 loose-innodb-ft-config=0 loose-innodb-ft-index-cache=0 loose-innodb-ft-index-table=0 loose-innodb-sys-tables=0 loose-innodb-sys-tablestats=0 loose-innodb-sys-indexes=0 loose-innodb-sys-columns=0 loose-innodb-sys-fields=0 loose-innodb-sys-foreign=0 loose-innodb-sys-foreign-cols=0 slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql_slow.log long_query_time = 1 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 32M # 初始化数据库 /usr/local/webserver/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql ``` ## 启动MySQL ``` # 创建开机启动脚本 cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql/ cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld chkconfig --add mysqld chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on # 启动mysql服务器 service mysqld start # 连接 MySQL /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p ``` ## MySQL管理 ``` # 修改MySQL用户密码 mysqladmin -u用户名 -p旧密码 password 新密码 SET PASSWORD FOR '用户名'@'主机' = PASSWORD(‘密码'); # 创建新用户并授权 grant all privileges on *.* to 用户名@'%' identified by '密码' with grant option; ```